DSS (Information-Technology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DSS (Information-Technology) - Essay Example DSS is usually designed as an interactive tool which receives input from the user end to compile, assist and guide in the decision making process. The reliability and accuracy of the DSS have been proved in various occasions (Shortliffe, 1987). This present research work deals with various applications of DSS in medical informatics. There is a growing interest in adopting decision support systems in health care. The application of information technology can improve the process quality by automation and minimizing errors drastically. It can rectify the problems associated with the existing technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of CDSS on the prescription costs (S.Troy McMullin et al 2004). The CDSS provides clinicians with adequate recommendations for the prescription process. The promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies influence the physicians in the drug prescription. They culminate in prescription of inappropriate drugs with high cost. These kinds of consequences can be overcome by the utilization of the automated systems since they provide guidelines based on preset facts and literature providing a cost effective solution. The CDSS WELLINX is one such example for this. The developed system guides the clinicians to choose a specific diagnosis and displays prescription relating to the condition. It works effectively in the decision making process cost effectively. DSS have been widely used and has also shown significant results in the patient outcomes. Studies carried out by shows CDSS improves quality of healthcare by providing accurate and timely diagnostic information. Once a system is derived taking into consideration all the requirements including the knowledge base it will prove good in the decision making process. Minimizing errors It was reported in a survey the prescribers had an error rate of 1.5%, a quarter of which may lead to serious effects (Dean B, 2002). Computerized systems for medicine or decision support system evolved as a result of repeated encountered errors; the UK and US government reformed the medical policy by depending on the information technological support and applications to minimize these errors. DSS improving decision quality In a study conducted (Vitali Sintchenko et al, 2004) on the impact of computerized decision support systems (CBSS) on antibiotic prescribing decisions, it was found CBSS improved the decision quality significantly. They graded the clinical impact score based on adoption rate and decision effectiveness and it was revealed from their work that DSS along with the microbiology report showed a high clinical impact score than the electronic guideline and electronic medical reports. Treatment guidelines Madhukar H. Trived et al, 2004 in his work describes the outlines the present use of computerized systems for implementing treatment guidelines and early use of a computerized decision support system for treating depression. It was found that the physicians'

Strategy and Planning Essay Essay Example for Free

Strategy and Planning Essay Essay The maximum exploitation of our resources is the key to advantage over the competitors. Marketing is one of the main areas in which a well versed strategic plan can make the organisation to attract customers here the way in which we describe the organizations motives, goals and the dedication to the customers reflect in our adverts. So, cleverly placing the right factors in the right place is a challenge in the strategic planning decision making. In this ever changing business environment the only way of survival of an organisation depends upon the decisions it makes. Thus strategic planning is the key factor to success. In this research we will briefly discuss about the tools of strategy and the outcomes of implementing these tools in an organisation. We will discuss about SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and Potters Five Force. 3 (b). SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is one of the tools in strategic planning and decision making. This tool helps us to judge the organizations position in the business environment. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. Strength The organizations factors which are most influential with respect to customers, market share, and brand value and so on. The strength of an organisation maybe its good will, an excellent customer relationship management and many other sensitive factors which lies on the organizations side. Weakness The things which are an advantage of the competitor and a disadvantage to our organisation. The weakness factor may depend upon our organizations own business policies and or work ethics which binds us to a corner, the competitors takes advantage of this issue and exploit the opportunity but fine tuning our strategy and decision making will bring in a drastic change. Opportunities The chance in which all the things fall in line for our organisation to exploit and to make a profit of it is the definition for opportunities. Opportunities can occur due to a change in trend of customers, brand switching an so on. It is wise for an organisation to make use of such opportunities. Threats The main and most important factor is the threats from rivals and competitors. If an organisation fails to with stand the threats from the competitors then it will surely end up in bankruptcy, the competition may come up with innovative ways of marketing and attracting customers so it is our bounded duty to over come the competitors by creating innovative ways of marketing through strategic planning. Example for SWOT analysis Soft drink giant: Coca-Cola Strengths One of the most successful organisations of all time. The brand value of Coca-Cola is worth more than $68 million in 2009. the company manages its products over 200 countries with over 700 products which is a gigantic goal to achieve but maintaining it as the leader of its kind is still another battle. People tend to be faithful to the Coca-Cola brand because of its one main product the cola drink. So a wide variety of different products from the company with the same brand name tends to market the products for itself. (www. interbrand. com) Weaknesses The Coca-ColaCompany products are beverages so the main weakness for them is that they have this lobby of beverage segment and this is might be their weakness because in the long run they might hit the ground if any other company produces a better beverage. And nowadays people tend to make choices more often than in the past so it is a vulnerable area to be looked upon! Opportunities People are concerned about their health now more than ever so the introduction of Coke Zero a new product from the Coca-ColaCompany is catching up a considerable amount of market share because of its new distinct taste without added sugar in some countries but basically its a new drink with zero calories, the company claims!. The company is exploiting the current trend of health criteria. Threats The main competitor of Coca-ColaCompany is the PepsiCo Inc, the Pepsi Cola Company introduces new products in response to the Coca-ColaCompany. The Coca-ColaCompany is trying very hard to cope up with the situation. During 998 the PepsiCo Inc managed to out smart the company. So without the proper strategic planning PepsiCo will soon go beyond the Cokes victory 3(c). The PESTLE Analysis The most important tool of strategic planning is the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is a tool which helps us to judge our position in the market with respect to the macro environment. PESTLE stands for P Political Forces, E Economical Forces, S -Social Forces, T -Technological Forces, L Legislative Forces and E Environmental Forces. These forces influence the overall performance, market value, finance and customer relationship of the company. We will briefly discuss about the PESTEL forces one by one by implementing into an organisation. Example : Integrated Electronics (INTEL) Semiconductors. The Intel Semiconductors are the producers of the famous Intel microchips which literally runs the computer industry but with some rivals such as AMD Inc (Advanced Micro devices). Here we will apply the PESTEL analysis to know the factors that are influencing the Intel semiconductors. Political : The implementation of new taxes and the internationalism of the products tends to make the company to adhere to strict rules in each country which the company is ventured on. So Intel is focusing upon its new products onto buyers and not on further research and development because of the political pressure around the organisation. Economic: The semiconductor industry is in rise. So, the financial status of the company is rising due to a smaller amount of competitors there is lower amount of threats so the economic factor of the company is in concrete position as of now. Social: The company is present in an ever changing dynamic business environment so it has to be sensitive to changes that occur in the environment and then adapt to the changes that takes place. Technological: The semiconductor industry is ever growing in rapidly increasing speed. So, the technological advancements of the industry must be up to date due to high growth ratio of processors which are used in computers across the globe. The research and development team comes up with new innovative ideas to integrate the previous processing unit into the new one with advanced technology so the computation power increases more than double the time the predecessor microchip used to compute. Legislative: The legal factors are important factors of the company because every country that the company venture into must strictly adhere to that particular countrys rules and regulations. Environment: Being a semiconductor company the company must look after environmental issues which affect the world so the semiconductor devices must be environmentally friendly and recycling of the devices plays a vital role in the environmental factor. The company has a good background of making environmentally friendly chips and recycling units so the environmental issue is under control. (http://ivythesis. typepad. com) 3(d). Porters Five Forces: The porters five forces is a business strategy tool which is used to analyse the position of a company and assessing its strength with respect to the competitors in this case new entrants and their impact in this ever changing environment. The porters five forces are: Existing rivalry among firms Threat of new entrants determinants of supplier power Determinants of buyer power Threat of substitute products Example: AIRBUS The porters five applied to the Airbus aviation company who have been the most influential carriers of all time apart from Boeing. These two major aircraft companies were literally in a fight for gaining the considerable mount of market share. Since the introduction of Airbus A380 the Boeing Company has lost lot of customers. The new entrant in our case the A380 is so much advanced than the legendary Boeing 747 which literally ruled the skies. The Boeing 747 was a fuel efficient and economically well versed passenger and good carrier aircraft but the major flaw in t he Boeing decision making is that it was not concentrating on the future of the aircraft but it produced a wide variant of Boeing 700 series but the cleverly devised strategic plan of Airbus was a nightmare to the Boeing corporation. The A380 has an excellent performance with regardless of its massive size the jumbo jet can people double the time the Boeing 747 used to carry. Since the aviation industry has only fewer concentrations of rivals the market share is huge compared to other industries. So with the new A380, Airbus has a considerable amount of stake in the airline industry. But Boeings answer to A380 is the new 787 dreamliner. Which is more fuel efficient but in the case of size the A380 outsmarts the Boeing. Importance of Change: The change management in an organisation is the most important factor which influences the future of an organisation. It describes an strategic approach in modifying or altering an organizations internal factors such as teams, individuals etc. there are different ways to achieve the change in an organisation by collaborative which is done by providing workshops and seminars explaining about the change to the people working in the organization. Consultative the people are informed about the change and the feedback of the change is taken into consideration. Directive the members of the staff are informed about the details of the change and the sensitivity of the change. Coercive the members are forced to follow the change. Example of Change: The acquisition of Iberia by British Airways The British Airways acquired the Iberia for $7 billion and it made the third largest airline in the world. The member of the staff was quickly adapted to the change in different management team. The Iberia staff members were given a change management session on order to cope up with the new acquisition. The acquisition made the stock holders value to increase and they were given a 55 percent of the new airlines share. 4. Conclusion: We have so far discussed about some of the Strategic planning tools and the ways in which they can be exploited. And in conclusion we can say that the way in which we approach the organisation with the necessary tools and strategic planning will make a gigantic impact on the organisation in the present and in the future. In this ever changing business environment the challenge for each organisation is to identify the needs of the customers and to create an appropriate strategic plan to approach the problem which will provide the optimum results which can benefit the customers as well as the organisation. . References SWOT Analysis, [online], Available http://www. marketingteacher. com/Lessons/lesson_swot. htm PESTLE Analysis, [online], Available http://rapidbi. com/pestle/Introduction-to-the-PESTLE-analysis-tool. html Coca-Cola Case Study, [Online], Available http://www. interbrand. com/best_global_brands. aspx http://finance. mapsofworld. com/brand/value/coca-cola. html Intel case S tudy, [Online], Available http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/09/intel-case-study. html Read more: http://www. americanessays. com/study-aids/free-essays/management/strategy-and-planning. php#ixzz2OPwRLxoO

Sub-Saharan Civilizations Essay -- History, African Civilizations

The textbook has defined a civilization as a â€Å"sophistication of a peoples intellectual, cultural, and artistic traditions† (149). It continues to describe characteristics such as writing, the development of cities, as well as a state bureaucracy as a means of recognizing civilizations (149). These, while a general guide, do not and should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization as there are many other factors to take into account. Africa, for example, differed from Europe and Asia tremendously in organization, among many other ways (149). While many African societies did not consist of all these characteristics, many were literate and developed urban populations (149). The lack of state bureaucracy within an African society, or an absence of another characteristic alone, should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization (149). One must take other factors into consideration because the civilizations of one region, do not mimic that of others. The geographic location and make up of the African continent hindered Sub Saharan contact with the...

Internet Security Enforced Essay

The advent of computers and their related technologies has greatly impacted on everyday personal, academic, and professional lives. The internet has become one of the leading sources of information as many people prefer to access and analyze the information they need from the World Wide Web. The internet has so much information which is very accessible to anyone who has a connected computer, and this includes small children. Teachers, students, and educational institutions have increasingly relied on the internet for learning both inside and outside the context of the classroom. How these technologies are implemented however determines if their application is good (ethical) or not good (unethical). In this essay, the author seeks to explain how technology might be in use to cause good benefits to the society and bad benefits. One major benefit of technology is that it has created efficiency in everyday life. Computers can process large amounts of data with minute precision, and this application is in use by business organizations all over the world (Cohen, 1995). However, the information in the World Wide Web is accessible to many people, and if sufficient security measures are not put in place, this benefit could end up being abused. There is thus a need for software developers, organizations, schools and governments to work together in ensuring that technological systems that protect the integrity, confidentiality and privacy of information posted on the internet is ensured. Many unscrupulous individuals like hackers, cybercriminals and cyber-terrorists are always lurking to seize personal information from the internet with the purpose of orchestrating several types of crime. With the amount of money being paid in the black market for private information, hackers are always on the prowl waiting for an opportunity to cause havoc on academic institutional, governmental and corporate websites (Guangrong, 1998). The information they obtain ends up being used to commit crimes like online fraud, identity theft and espionage. With this unethical usage being a very probable occurrence, very robust security software applications like anti-spyware and anti-viruses must be made so that the integrity of information stored in the internet can be protected. As I stated earlier, as long as the computers available in schools and libraries are connected to the internet, there is no limit to the diversity of information school children can gain access to. Any implementation of technology must be made with the objective of serving the community it targets with benefits. The objective of information technology services in schools is not that school children can access adult material or any other information that can be of bad influence. This is where technology steps in. ffective technologies of combating unethical sites (that is the ones with pornographic material, hate campaigns as well as a variety of other unsuitable content) should be implemented in schools and at homes to protect the innocence of children (Guangrong, 1998) The more the internet technology penetrates, the more teachers and students are finding it a useful tool for teaching and learning (Fung, 1998). The internet sounds and looks pretty simple to anyone who does not reall y understand the technicalities behind it. The use of persuasive technology on the internet is one example of technologies that could lure both teachers and students in orchestrating the practice of unethical activities. Persuasive technology as used in the internet poses a very serious challenge to educational instructors who choose to deliver their services through the internet. There is a very high risk of persuasive technologies being used to intentionally or unintentionally make children submit sensitive information about themselves or their families without knowing the risks they are exposing themselves and their families to. By definition, persuasive technologies are those interactive technologies which are intended to change an individual’s behaviors or attitudes towards specific issues including social, sexual and political beliefs and practices (Ellison, Steinfied, & Lampe, 2007). They can also be used to promote healthy eating habits and awareness on environmental conservation. These are examples of technologies which can be used to promote good use of technology and also bad use as explained below. Intelligence systems designed to monitor the activities of employees as they log in and out of the systems in the workplace constitute a healthy of ethical use of technology since it ensures they effectively use the resources at their disposal for the benefit of their employer and themselves (Cohen, 1995). With social networking sites and chat rooms increasing by the day, employees are developing the tendency to waste a lot of man hours on these sites. Their productivity therefore goes down and the effect is finally transmitted to the economy. Additionally, employees can use office systems to do illegal things like spy on their employers or other entities. If persuasive technologies are put in place to monitor their activities, then there will be less breakage of law and ethics. The same persuasive technologies can be put in place to monitor the movement of employees in service provision stores like supermarkets, restaurants and bars. This could end up ensuring that they stick to etiquette like washing their hands after visiting the washrooms or after getting into contact with other unhygienic practices, but it is unethical since it undermines their dignity and creates distrust. The same applies to companies who require visitors to their websites to submit their personal information before utilizing certain services before using a certain utility, for example downloading a software package or accessing a certain article. Legally, technology can be used to ensure adherence to laws especially those formulated to control the process of conducting or dissipating information on the web. If monitoring software can be installed at internet gateways to track any illegal undertakings being conducted in the web, the culprits can be tracked down and stopped to promote the safety of other internet users. However, this in itself has ethical implications in that every bit of content will have to be checked, and the privacy of information will be compromised albeit by a law enforcing agency. The motive of monitoring agencies may be good, but it may be used to conduct morally unacceptable activities by all or interested parties. Finally, there has been widespread condemnation of censorship, particularly in the case of Google Corporation and the government of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese government stipulates strict censorship of the media including the internet. Not every type of information can be accessed, and this is achieved by the use of inhibitors to the various protocols used to search for and access information. This directly violates the people’s right to information and is therefore not only unethical but also illegal. From these examples, it is evident that the internet and other tools provided for by technology can be used to constitute good and bad use.

I Hope You Dance

I hope you dance â€Å"And when you get the chance to sit it out or dance, I hope you dance. † (Sillers,2010, ll. 8. &9. ) If you had the chance to sit it out or dance, would you dance? This amazingly, inspirational song was written by Tia Sillers when she was at her breaking point, sitting on the beach just after going through a heart wrenching divorce. It really is peculiar that such an inspirational and beautiful song such as â€Å"I hope you dance† was written at such a devastating time.As she sat beside the ocean, pondering on all that she been through, she realized, things aren’t so bad. She interprets this in her lyrics by saying â€Å"I hope you still feel small when you stand beside the ocean. † (Sillers,2010, l. 5) â€Å"I hope you dance† is unmistakabley pulled from deep within Siller’s soul. Anyone who hears this song, and truly takes these lyrics to heart could undoubtedly pull themselves out of whatever strife they may be go ing through at any given time. With Mrs.Siller’s inspirational words, she truly has created the most breath taking song of our time. I have a very deep understanding of this song because â€Å"I hope you dance† has helped me through some extremely difficult times. I was homeless at the age of sixteen and ready to give up on the world when I first heard this song playing over the radio. With the help of Sillers words I was able to find the inspiration inside myself and keep going to school even if it meant sacrificing a day of pay from missing work.I knew that although things would be extremely difficult to attempt to be able to work enough hours to get my own place and attend high school on a regular basis, but with the help of her words I found the motivation within myself to give it my all. After three months I had saved enough money for the deposit and first month’s rent and my grades we’re decent enough for me to graduate on time with the rest of my p eer’s. Now that I am more stable things have become less difficult, but whenever I am having a hard time, I simply go to you tube and listen to Siller’s song. I hope you dance† has undoubtedly shed light on an endless number of suffering souls.â€Å"Don’t let some Hellbent heart leave you bitter, when you come close to selling out reconsider. † (Sillers, 2010, ll. 15. 16. )Those lyrics convey the struggle life can throw at a person, but they are also telling them to never give up. Tia was trying to reach into the hearts of all the suffering souls out there, and try to get them to look at the bigger picture. â€Å"May you never take one single breath for granted. (Sillers, 2010, l. 3) Tia was trying to get the point across that life is a gift, and to simply sit it out and let it pass you by could be a tremendous mistake that no one can ever take back. She also indicates this in like thirteen: â€Å"Livin might mean takin chances, but they’re worth takin. † (Sillers, 2010, l. 13. ) Throughout life there are many obstacles to overcome, and not every road you take will be a smooth one, but the bumpiest road, will often lead you to the greenest field.Siller’s showed an understanding for this by writing â€Å"I hope you never fear those mountains in the distance. Never settle for the path of least resistance. † (Sillers, 2010, ll. 11. 12. ) Every successful person has had to struggle in life, but with struggle, comes satisfaction. If every person was able to listen to this song, but not just listen, understand this song, I feel as though statistics such as the high school drop-out rate, or the college drop-out rate would decrease.Giving up would simply not be an option. Sometimes we all need a little inspiration, something to get us motivated and focused on the bigger picture. Life is about making mistakes, Siller’s portrays this perfectly by saying â€Å"Whenever one door closes I hope one more opens. † (Sillers, 2010, l. 6. ) Although doors may close, and devastation may take a toll on a person’s life, one needs to be able to pick themselves back up, and open another door, but not just for the sake of moving, but for their own satisfaction.If â€Å"I hope you dance† was listened by everyone at least once a day, people would be able to find it in themselves to pick themselves up and keep moving forward, for with every step one takes forward is another step closer to their ultimate goal of success. No one would drown themselves in their own self-pity, for they could find the inspiration in themselves through the understanding of the lyrics of â€Å"I hope you dance. †References Kawashima, D (2010) â€Å"I hope you dance† Retrieved August 28, 2012 from Song Writer Universe: http://www. songwriteruniverse. com/sillers. htm

History of Personality Measurement

History of Personality Measurement Free Online Research Papers Psychometrics is primarily concerned with the study of differences between individuals and between groups of individuals. It involves two major research tasks, namely: (i) the construction of instruments and procedures for measurement; and (ii) the development and refinement of theoretical approaches to measurement. Personality has been defined as the â€Å"dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behaviour and thought† and throughout history has been a subject of intensive investigation and interest. Personality theory can trace its roots back to the days of the Greek physician Hippocrates (450 BC) rates who transferred thought away from the spiritual side of human behaviour and theorized that every body has four fluids or humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) that fundamentally affected behaviour or personality. Galen (190 AD) added to this theory, believing that predominance of any one humor as outlined by Hippocrates would cause specific temperaments. He also believed that a healthy body was the direct result of a balance in the ratio of these four body temperaments. While this school of thought proceeded to influence both psychology and medicine for centuries, it was Wilhelm Wundt (1879) who first made the clear distinction between human body and personality. Wundt stated that the four temperaments represented the four dimensions of the human personality, paving the way for the development of the numerous personality assessment methods that were to follow. These included: Name Approach Types Adicke, 1879 four different view points to look at the world innovative traditional doctrinaire sceptical Eduard Spranger, 1905 four attitudes towards ethical values artistic religious theoretic economic Hugo Munsterberg, 1913 Devised survey for executives of different organizations, researching qualities they wanted to see in their employees. These were listed as the first personality test to help employers make the best hiring decisions Henry C. Link, 1919 Defines ideal personality testing machine – data received and sorts candidates for suitable jobs Ernst Kretchmer, 1920 Theory of four character styles hypomanic, depressive hyperesthetic anaesthetic Erich Fromm Four human orientations exploitative hoarding receptive marketing Carl Jung, 1922 Four personality types based on human preferences Myers Briggs /Katherine Briggs, 1958 Application of Jung’s theory, based on four questions a. Preferred source of your energy? (Internal or external) b. Preferred source of perception? (Senses or Intuition) c. Preferred decision making system? (On logics or feelings) d. Preferred life style? (ordered or adaptable) Since the development of these initial personality theories much work has been undertaken by psychometricians to develop characteristic selection approaches that are used to explore the correlation between responses to questions about typical behaviours and statements concerning the trait or characteristic being examined. The methodology used to extract this information from the individual has inevitably led to the increase in popularity of the personality trait or psychometric questionnaire which is now in widespread use across various industries to support ongoing training and development as well as the initial recruitment and selection of staff. PERSONALITY TRAIT QUESTIONNAIRES The construction of personality trait questionnaires begins initially with the understanding that there are a pre-defined set of personality traits that can be measured and scored on a recognised scale. While Eysenck’s research identified three major underlying personality factors, the more recent studies agree that that Costa McCrae’s â€Å"big five framework† are appropriate for describing the majority of human personality. By subdividing the big 5 into intermediary variables composed of differing personality traits it is possible to see how individual traits will produce commonality in responses to differing situations. FIGURE 1: THE BIG FIVE FRAMEWORK Extroversion: the extent to which a person is outgoing Neuroticism: the extent to which a person is emotionally unstable Openness to experience: the extent to which a person is imaginative flexible Conscientiousness: the extent to which a person is well-organised Agreeableness: the extent to which a person is good-natured This trait theory measurement attempts to avoid all subjective measurement of personality and move towards and objective measurement based on a generalised response or behaviour to a certain situation, known as a nomothetic approach. This may involve single-trait or multiple trait scales within an individual questionnaire. Factor analysis is then used to determine the minimum number of factors that account for variance and could contribute to a higher level factor within the individual questionnaire. Cattell’s personality type model developed in 1957 seeks to identify the relatively few dimensions that account for all differences in personality, reducing the trait list of over 4500 labels developed by Allport into 35 trait –name-clusters and eventually into 16 high order factors. These 16 source traits are deemed to be the origin or result in the interaction of all traits and habitual responses. Critics of Cattell state that the inter-correlation between the model’s dimensions would suggest that there are fewer than the minimum dimensions that Cattell stated. ISSUES WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRES The reliability (extent to which measurement procedure is free from unsystematic error) of any questionnaire will be based upon the process by which it was constructed and depends heavily upon the accurate selection of appropriate traits and factors. In addition, the validity (the extent to which the measurement tool actually assesses what it was designed to measure) of any personality profiling questionnaire will be highly dependent upon the accuracy of research and the quality of the administration of the assessment. There is also the business of defining what a trait or competency is Further to this, there is criticism, captured by David McClellan that â€Å"the trouble with psychometric tests is that they tell you what a person can do if asked to do it but they dont tell you what he does do† This lack of practical application, coupled with the hugely negative impacts of a poorly designed or administered test have led to a number of critics voicing opinion around some of he major company, career and business decisions founded on the basis of a single assessment. PERSONALITY TRAIT QUESTIONNAIRES RECRUITMENT The psychological personality trait profile provides an overview of the preferred behaviour that comes almost unconsciously to most people. This is the behaviour that they are comfortable with and can sustain without consciously or actively applying it and it is key to understand this behaviour, especially when considering an individual for a senior position within an organisation. Behavioural flexibility and its measurement is equally important as the ability to be able to adapt to situations that the individual may not naturally be comfortable in may will be a frequent occurrence in a commercial environment. The recruitment process in every organisation is a costly process – to fill a typical  £30,000 position can take up to 16 weeks and cost in the region of  £5000 , in addition, once in position ability to perform with a certain role can dramatically impact the profitability of an organisation. Personality profiling improves the efficiency of the recruitment process identifying the most suitable candidates early on in the recruitment process thereby reducing the time and money spent on unsuitable candidates. In addition, by having further, objective information about a candidate, the employer is able to make a more complete and informed decision regarding selection, benchmarking candidates consistently and objectively with a deeper knowledge of the individual’s general propensity to act in a particular way in a given situation. Personality profiling and the use of trait-based questionnaires can provide valuable insight into the most likely behavioural responses of an individual to external stimuli and a range of situations, determining the most appropriate candidate for a particular position in a recruitment situation. CONCLUSION In summary, while profiling will never provide the definitive answer to how an individual will react in a given situation it can provide a prediction based on â€Å"signs or indicators of likely behaviour† . By utilising this information effectively it is possible to identify a more likely ‘fit’ between individual and role, thereby reducing the likelihood of staff turnover and incongruence between candidate and role. When used in conjunction with other selection and recruitment methods (interviews, aptitude tests, group situational analysis), personality profiling can provide a useful and effective complement to support the costly and time consuming process of personnel selection within an organisation. Therefore, with the assurance design and administration is both professional and effective, personality trait questionnaires can add significant value and provide additional insight to assist businesses in developing and retaining their most important and influent ial asset – their people. Research Papers on History of Personality MeasurementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductOpen Architechture a white paper

Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay Essay Example

Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay Essay Example Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay Paper Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay Paper Brahman is the highest and most supreme of all Hindu Gods. It is the transcendent, immanent, infinite, unchanging, ageless world. The Divine Ground that sums up all the being, infinite, clip energy, affair and all within and beyond this existence. Braham s nature is described as impersonal, personal and transpersonal. Brahman, conceived from the Hindu verb brh, means eternity and illustriousness. Brahman was born from Brahma who is the Godhead, the beginning and the seed of all that is in this universe. Brahman, due to his maps as the Godhead of all, is non allowed to hold a batch of fans and is therefore unpopular among the Hindu pantheon since his wok demands attending, concentration and invagination. As there is no more creative activity, he lost his importance to other Gods ; Vishnu and Siva, of the Hindu three. He is said to be father of Manu, from whom all Hindus descended from. Brahman is the cosmopolitan substrate or the absolute world and should non be confused with Brahma, God and the Godhead. They say that Brahman can non be known through stuff agencies, and we can non be made to be witting of it as he is our really ain being and consciousness. Atman on the other manus refers to the true ego of a individual. Philosophically it is the psyche either separately or globally. It could besides b defined as the beginning o all the single psyches. It is the identical, unchanging and ageless kernel. Harmonizing to Hinduism, any mortal being has an immortal facet and this is ever hidden within every created object and this includes adult male. Atman provides experience of the pleasances and hurting of earthly life therefore giving us ground to populate and imparts Godhead possibilities and qualities. Atman being the soundless spouse and inhabitant within us and all our experiences and workss, can merely be felt when no other centripetal activities impact the head. This is attained through yoga. In Buddhism nevertheless, the cause of wretchedness is ignorance which is a premier effect of the belief that there exists an atman that is unchanging. Our psyche or atman is identifiable readily with Brahman s greater psyche. Buddhism In Buddhism, Anatta is the altruistic thought of non-self. It means that everything perceived is non in the I or mine sense and therefore one should non cleaving on to. It encourages people o develop a sense of willingness to allow travel at any clip as these sensed objects become unneeded to one s ego. The rebirth philosophy should be good differentiated from the reincarnation theory which refers to the psyche transmigration and its material metempsychosis invariable. Buddhism does non acknowledge the being of an ageless or unchanging psyche that emanates from godly kernel. It is in crisp contrast to Hinduism s ego consciousness political orientation of atman. Harmonizing to Buddhism there is nil that is fixed or permanent in our being. Everything is capable to devastation and decay. No adult male should place himself with any signifier or name but instead be cognizant of the uninterrupted alteration procedure of going. In Nipponese Buddhism, Satori means enlightenment. It is a rush O sudden single enlightenment and/or consciousness. It is coined from the Zen Buddhist civilization and considered as the boarding or earlier measure towards nirvana. Satori can and is frequently juxtaposed to the term kensho intending viewing one s nature and character . Satori nevertheless, is a deeper religious province than kensho. Bing an intuitive experience, It has been described as a state of affairs like waking up one twenty-four hours to happen yourself with an excess brace of weaponries to subsequently larn how to utilize them. Satori is normally attained from personal experiences by the traditional usage of koans like the aggregation found in the Gateless Gate. They are theoretical mystifiers pupils use in aid of Satori realisation. It does non happen to persons but instead all construct realisation persons included therein. The Zen Buddhist pupil demand to fix their heads foremost with strict survey with ko ans and so speculation which clears their heads from all fond regards to the physical being. In many Nipponese folk tales, Satori was referred to as a mountain brooding animal with the rare ability to read the human head and ideas. Thus the lone manner to get the better of a Satori was to empty one s head wholly. This manner it will run in fright, leave due to boredom or decease. Confucianism Confucianism put much accent on filial piousness. I is on of the most of import virtuousnesss and should be held extremely. It is defined as the regard for one s parents and ascendants. The Classic of Xiao, a Confucian book written during the 400 B.C. period in a conversation between Zeng Shen, a pupil and Confucius. Filial piousness, in Chinese civilization, is the fist and foremost virtuousness. These spiritual traditions were until recent old ages, been enforced by jurisprudence at times. It is a signifier of hereditary worship and its turning away was punishable by jurisprudence. This virtuousness should be shown to both the dead and the life alike and is a regard that has over the old ages bee extended to cover other five signifiers ; friend to friend, elder brother to younger brother, hubby to married woman, male parent to boy and swayer to govern. The regard for seniors was held in high fear in all these signifiers of relationships and the life stood as boies of the dead. This filial piousness thought adversely influenced the legal system in China. The book of filial piousness written in the 3rd century is the major beginning of filial piousness importance and it was attributed to Confucius every bit good as hello boy. Li is a Chinese word that is extensively used in Confucianism. It intending is instead obscure but in most instances it is attached to the word rite. I is merely an abstract thought and non and object of unequivocal nature. It has besides been described and translated s the ethical motives, etiquette or imposts. It is by and large a aggregation of regulations of proper and good behaviour. It broadly trades with the wholly whole spectrum of the contacts and interaction with nature, material objects and other human existences. Confucius, in his treatments, encompasses diverse subjects like administration, mourning, rubrics, imbibing tea, and acquisition among other things. Li entails the norms of proper behaviour socially taught to us by authorities functionaries, small town seniors or parents. The instructions encourage trueness, God religion, righteousness, brotherliness and filial entry. The Li influence has guided public outlooks and has enhanced the trueness to the community highe r-ups and seniors. Religious urge. Religion has ever been there possibly even longer than human existences. There was an apprehension of a supernatural force showed by Neanderthals 1000000s of old ages ago. The most common and eldritch yarn among the assorted faiths in the universe is the impulse to idolize a supernatural being or merely by and large something at that affair. Therefore, spiritual urge can be defined universally as the impulse to set religion in a signifier that is ever beyond our perceptual experience and apprehension. Even in our epoch, a clip of technological and scientific promotions, a batch of people believe in the unknown. Religion therefore is the belief in supernatural powers that control our destiny that is entitled to our obeisance, regard and worship. In every great faith, three facets are paramount ; charity, religion and hope. These are the moralss, ritual and divinity severally. It should imply preservation of values and be a system that involves a universe position, a doctrine and a cod ification of moralss. Different faiths have different features nevertheless most characteristics are similar in different faiths and these are ; specific regulations of behavior, sense of community and household, moralss system, establishments that are good organized, supernatural belief and life after decease, psyche being and sacred Bibles and Hagiographas. The factors and root causes that may take people towards spiritual urges are the fright of decease and whatever is lying in delay beyond that. Besides worlds are a funny clump and the enigma of their being pushes them towards a religious angle. Since we are incapable of replying most of life s inquiries, like the intent of our lives and the immaterial or the religious portion of us, it creates a belief towards faith as the best signifier of account. Finally one merely experience the demand of a religious scruples to the philistinism of modern life. The nature of the Godhead varies in different spiritual scenes. Hindus for illustration, frequently thi nk of themselves as monotheists idolizing assorted godly facets and no assorted deities. However, foreigners ever see Hinduism as similar to religions inclined to traditional polytheistic. Ideal Religion Among the above faiths, Confucianism is the most appealing while I find Hinduism the least appealing. Hinduism consists of so many beliefs with a batch of intertwined Gods and goddesses. The caste system of categories is besides unrealistic as all human bins should be equal and receive equal chances. For a really long clip his has bee the factor that has served most disservice to he Hindu faith. The thought of acknowledging inequalities based on the line of descent, household and birth and saying it as the will of God is dismaying. Though Confucianism has shortcomings every bit good, its moralss and ethical motives have positive influence on the society as a whole. The instructions of Li and filial piousness are greatly of import particularly to kids turning up. It is common sense to esteem and obey one s seniors and seting that into jurisprudence is a great manner of guaranting a society with good and polite ethical motives. It involved action internalisation leting one to be unfastened to the esthesiss panoply of the experience. It maintains a healthy altruism patterns to oneself and as an illustration set to others. Personal attacks every bit good as the attacks of the at big demonstrates how these values are utilized in everything, the good and the bad, the elaborate and the wide, the formlessness and the signifier. The rites and patterns in Confucianism are dynamic. These patterns have been modified and revised in conformity to emerging social beliefs. Though the patterns are bound to alter, the cardinal p olitical orientation remains the nucleus of the spiritual beliefs.