Carolina Wilderness Outfitters Case Study - 1193 Words

Carolina Wilderness Outfitters In the case study Carolina Wilderness Outfitters, Sue Ramos the head of internal auditing, launched an investigation based on improper termination, which turned up a new allegation of possible accounting irregularities and potential fraud. A month previously Ramos received a phone call to a company hotline from fired employee, Betty Koster, who had been working in the accounting department for the past 8 years and believed that her termination was based on age discrimination. As Ramos already knew from her experience, calls from employees usually lead to investigation and should be handled immediately in order to avoid any possible lawsuit. After investigation of Koster’s employment file and interview with her supervisor, Simon Peel, Ramos understood that she needed evidence from Koster about age discrimination, since having been the oldest in department and the only person fired does not prove the allegation. When Ramos conducted a second call to the employee, Koster was very emotional and revealed new information about possible noncompliance with accounting procedures. Based upon her statement, sales representative Mark Tomkin, was alleged to have asked the accounting team to process entries without required a pprovals and or all required documents. Koster was the only one who did not agree to post anything into the accounting system without supporting documents. This was the reason why she believed that she had been fired. After a phoneShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to

Usps Synthesis Paper - 815 Words

USPS Synthesis Essay If I were the current CEO for the United States Postal Service, I would be gravely concerned about the future of my business, as it has recently taken a steep plummet from its success and popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries. The USPS is now faced with the decision to renovate itself due to the extreme loss of business as technology takes over the 21st Century. Some say that the USPS should be entirely reconstructed because the business is only headed further downhill, while others say that paper mail is still very practical, more so than e-mail, and we must each write more letters to do our part in reviving the business to profitability again. Because the USPS has been such a vital part of our country through†¦show more content†¦Especially in urban cities buzzing with the latest technology, many would agree that, â€Å"you don’t need a full-service post office every few blocks in New York, for example† (Source A). In addition, I spend every summer with my dad in Chicago, and because there is a USPS post office right around the corner of our apartment building, I have noticed from passing it every day that it is the one store on State Street that is empty 90 percent of the time. In my experience, Postmaster General John Potter is correct in wanting to â€Å"close and consolidate 154 post offices†, significantly reducing operating costs and employment. Strategy is key; by shutting down the offices with the lowest production and necessity, USPS will no longer be uselessly spending money. Another point the USPS should take into consideration when restructuring, is that it is too easy for most Americans nowadays to forget the significance of a hand written letter or card, when we can communicate within seconds through technology. Come to think of it, I remember running to the mailbox in excitement every November to collect a special, pink birthday card from my grandma with her messy cursive scrawled across the envelope. Now, my â€Å"special† birthday wishes are in a 30 second voicemail she leaves from her cell phone every year. The USPS must remind us of the significant difference it can make in communication by recapturing its emotional importance through advertising.Show MoreRelatedHigh Performance Working and Employee Engagement5013 Words   |  21 Pagesstaff work in the organization. This paper provides information about the High performance working and employee engagement which consists of various definitions given by different authors and different types of practices which are helpful in improving organization performance. The main aim of this project is to provide a framework of how high commitment HRM practices help in improving HPW and employee engagement in organization. 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Sources of Long Term Finance free essay sample

As you are aware finance is the life blood of business. It is of vital significance for modern business which requires huge capital. Funds required for a business may be classified as long term and short term. You have learnt about short term finance in the previous lesson. Finance is required for a long period also. It is required for purchasing fixed assets like land and building, machinery etc. Even a portion of working capital, which is required to meet day to day expenses, is of a permanent nature. To finance it we require long term capital. The amount of long term capital depends upon the scale of business and nature of business. In this lesson, you will learn about various sources of long term finance and the advantages and disadvantages of each source. 19. 2 Objectives After studying this lesson, you will be able to explain the meaning and purpose of long term finance; identify the various sources of long term finance; define equity shares and preference shares; distinguish between equity shares and preference shares. We will write a custom essay sample on Sources of Long Term Finance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Debentures; enumerate the types of debentures; explain the merits and demerits of debentures as a source of long term finance; compare the relative advantages of issuing equity shares and debentures; explain the benefits and limitations of retained earnings; explain the merits and demerits of Public Deposits; outline the rules and regulations about inviting and accepting public deposits by companies; discuss the merits and demerits of long term borrowing from commercial banks. 19. Long Term Finance – Its meaning and purpose A business requires funds to purchase fixed assets like land and building, plant and machinery, furniture etc. These assets may be regarded as the foundation of a business. The capital required for these assets is called fixed capital. A part of the working capital is also of a permanent nature. Funds required for this part of the working capital and for fixed capital is called long term finance. Purpose of long term finance: Long term finance is required for the following purposes: 1. To Finance fixed assets : Business requires fixed assets like machines, Building, furniture etc. Finance required to buy these assets is for a long period, because such assets can be used for a long period and are not for resale. Sources of Long-term finance :: 31 2. To finance the permanent part of working capital: Business is a continuing activity. It must have a certain amount of working capital which would be needed again and again. This part of working capital is of a fixed or permanent nature. This requirement is also met from long term funds. 3. To finance growth and expansion of business: Expansion of business requires investment of a huge amount of capital permanently or for a long period. Factors determining long-term financial requirements : The amount required to meet the long term capital needs of a company depend upon many factors. These are : (a) Nature of Business: The nature and character of a business determines the amount of fixed capital. A manufacturing company requires land, building, machines etc. So it has to invest a large amount of capital for a long period. But a trading concern dealing in, say, washing machines will require a smaller amount of long term fund because it does not have to buy building or machines. Nature of goods produced: If a business is engaged in manufacturing small and simple articles it will require a smaller amount of fixed capital as compared to one manufacturing heavy machines or heavy consumer items like cars, refrigerators etc. which will require more fixed capital. (c) Technology used: In heavy industries like steel the fixed capital investment is larger than in the case of a business producing plastic jars using simple technology or producing goods using labour intensive technique. 32 :: Business Studies 19. 4 Sources of long term finance The main sources of long term finance are as follows. Shares: These are issued to the general public. These may be of two types: (i) Equity and (ii) Preference. The holders of shares are the owners of the business. 2. Debentures: These are also issued to the general public. The holders of debentures are the creditors of the company. 3. Public Deposits : General public also like to deposit their savings with a popular and well established company which can pay interest periodically and pay-back the deposit when due. 4. Retained earnings: The company may not distribute the whole of its profits among its shareholders. It may retain a part of the profits and utilize it as capital. . Term loans from banks: Many industrial development banks, cooperative banks and commercial banks grant medium term loans for a period of three to five years. 6. Loan from financial institutions: There are many specialised financial institutions established by the Central and State governments which give long term loans at reasonable rate of interest. Some of these institutions are: Industrial Finance Corporation of India ( IFCI), Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI), Unit Trust of India ( UTI ), State Finance Corporations etc.

Bmw Marketing free essay sample

Motoren Werke  commonly known as  BMW is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1917. BMW is headquartered in Munich,  Bavaria, Germany. It also owns and produces  Mini  cars, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under  BMW Motorrad. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253  automobiles  and 112,271 motorcycles across all its brands. BMW is part of the German Big 3 luxury automakers, along with  Audi  and  Mercedes-Benz, which are the three best-selling luxury automakers in the world. BMW was established as a business  entity  following a restructuring of the  Rapp Motoren werke  aircraft manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of  World War I  in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of the  Versailles Armistice Treaty. The company consequently shifted to motorcycle production in 1923, once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted,  followed by automobiles in 1928–29. The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW on the road to automobile production was the  Dixi, it was based on the  Austin 7  and licensed from the  Austin Motor Company  in Birmingham, England. BMWs first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance. With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the  Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the  BMW 132  and  BMW 801  air-cooled  radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003  axial-flow  turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered emergency fighter, the  Heinkel He 162  Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of the worlds first jet fighter, the  Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on takeoff, a major setback for the jet fighter program until successful testing with Junkers engines. By the year 1959, the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germanys ex-aircraft manufacturers such as  Messerschmitt  and  Heinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian  Iso Isetta  were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMWs own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the BMW  Aktiengesell schaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in  public float. BMW acquired the  Hans Glas  company based in  Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications. Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based  industrial design  studio  DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMW bought the British  Rover Group[15]  (which at the time consisted of the  Rover,  Land Rover  and  MG  brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including  Austin  and  Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was incurring huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form  MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by  Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new  Mini, which was launched in 2001. Chief designer  Chris Bangle  announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years. 16]  He was replaced by  Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangles former right hand man. Bangle was known for his radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, the production rights for  Husqvarna Motorcycles  was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros. BMW Motorrad  plans to con tinue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese. In June 2012, BMW was listed as the #1 most reputable company in the world by Forbes. om. [17]  Rankings are based upon aspects such as â€Å"people’s willingness to buy, recommend, work for, and invest in a company is driven 60% by their perceptions of the company and only 40% by their perceptions of their products. † - Production  [edit] | This section includes a  list of references, related reading or  external links, but  the sources of this section remain unclear because it lacks  inline citations. Please  improve  this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2012)| BMW plant in Leipzig, Germany:  Spot welding  of BMW 3 series car bodies withKUKA  industrial robots. In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries. [19]  In 2010, it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands). [2] The BMW X3 (E83) was made by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of Magna of Canada, in Graz, Austria under license from BMW until 2010. More than 45,973 were produced in 2009. Starting October 2010, the new BMW X3 (F25) is produced at BMW US Manufacturing Co. Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, USA It is reported that about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models. [20]  BMW also has local assembly operation using complete   knock down components  in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, for 3, 5, 7 series and X3. [18] Annual Production Year| BMW| MINI| Rolls-Royce| Motorcycle| 2005| 1,122,308| 200,119| 692| 92,012| 006| 1,179,317| 186,674| 847| 103,759| 2007| 1,302,774| 237,700| 1,029| 104,396| 2008| 1,203,482| 235,019| 1,417| 118,452| 2009| 1,043,829| 213,670| 918| 93,243| 2010[2]| 1,236,989| 241,043| 3,221| 112,271| Worldwide sales  [edit] Vehicles sold in all markets according to BMWs annual reports. Year| BMW| MINI| Rolls-Royce| Motorcycle| 2000| 822,181| | | | 2001| 880,677| | | | 2002| 913,225| | | | 2003| 928,151| | | | 2004| 1,023,583| | | | 2005| 1,126,768| 200,428| 796| 97,474| 2006| 1,185,088| 188,077| 805| 100,064| 2007| 1,276,793| 222,875| 1,010| 102,467| 008| 1,202,239| 232,425| 1,212| 115,196| 2009| 1,068,770| 216,538| 1,002| 100,358| 2010| 1,224,280| 234,175| 2,711| 110,113| History BMW AG  originated with three other manufacturing companies, Rapp Motorenwer ke and Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFw) in  Bavaria, andFahrzeugfabrik Eisenach  in  Thuringia. Aircraft engine manufacturer Rapp Motorenwerke became  Bayerische Motorenwerke  in 1916. The engine manufacturer, which built proprietary industrial engines after  World War I, was then bought by the owner of BFw who then merged BFw into BMW and moved the engine works onto BFws premises. BFws motorcycle sideline was improved upon by BMW and became an integral part of their business. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1929 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built  Austin Sevens  under licence under the  Dixi  marque. BMWs team of engineers progressively developed their cars from small Seven-based cars into six-cylinder luxury cars and, in 1936, began production of the  BMW 328  sports car. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMWs main products until  World War II. During the war, against the wishes of its director  Franz Josef Popp, BMW concentrated on aircraft engine production, with motorcycles as a side line and automobile manufacture stopped altogether. After the war, BMW survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles until 1948, when it restarted motorcycle production. Meanwhile, BMWs factory in Eisenach fell in the  Soviet occupation zone  and the Soviets restarted production of pre-war BMW motorcycles and automobiles there. This continued until 1955, after which they concentrated on cars based on pre-war  DKW  designs. BMW began building cars in Bavaria in 1952 with the  BMW 501luxury saloon. Sales of their luxury saloons were too small to be profitable, so BMW supplemented this with building  Isettas  under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from  microcars  caused the BMW board to consider selling the operation to  Daimler-Benz. However,  Herbert Quandt  was convinced to purchase a controlling interest in BMW and to invest in its future. Quandts investment, along with profits from the  BMW 700, brought about the  BMW New Class  and  BMW New Six. These new products, along with the absorption of  Hans Glas GmbH, gave BMW a sure footing on which to expand. BMW grew in strength, eventually acquiring the  Rover Group  (most of which was later divested), and the license to build automobiles under the  Rolls-Royce  marque. - Environmental record  [edit] The company is a charter member of the  U. S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognises companies for their environmental stewardship and performance. It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program and is on the  Dow Jones  Sustainability Group Index, which rates environmentally friendly companies. 29]  BMW has taken measures to reduce the impact the company has on the environment. It is trying to design less-polluting cars by making existing models more efficient, as well as developing environmentally friendly fuels for future vehicles. Possibilities include: electric power, hybrid power (combustion engines and electric motors) hydrogen engines. [30] BMW offers 49 models with EU5/6 emissio ns norm and nearly 20 models with CO2 output less than 140 g/km, which puts it on the lowest tax group and therefore could provide the future owner with eco-bonus offered from some European countries. However, there have been some criticisms directed at BMW, and in particular, accusations of  greenwash  in reference to their BMW Hydrogen 7. Some critics claim that the emissions produced during  hydrogen fuel  production outweigh the reduction of tailpipe emissions, and that the Hydrogen 7 is a distraction from more immediate, practical solutions for car pollution. [31] Bayerische Motoren Werke AG| | Type| Aktiengesellschaft| Traded as| FWB:  BMW| Industry| Automotive| Predecessor(s)| Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW)[1]| Founded| 7 March 1916| Founder(s)| Franz Josef Popp| Headquarters| Munich,  Germany| Area served| Worldwide| Key people| Norbert Reithofer  (CEO),Joachim Milberg  (Chairman of the  supervisory board),  Adrian van Hooydonk  (Vice-President),Karim Habib  (Director of Design)| Products| Automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles| Production output| 1,481,253 Automobiles (2010) 112,271 Motorcycles (2010)| Revenue| â‚ ¬68. 82  billion (2011)[2]| Operating income| â‚ ¬8. 006  billion (2011)[2]| Profit| â‚ ¬4. 881  billion (2011)[2]| Total assets| â‚ ¬123. 42  billion (2011)[2]| Total equity| â‚ ¬27. 10  billion (2011)[2]| Employees| 102,007 (2011)[3]| Divisions| Mini BMW Motorsport Rolls-Royce Motor Cars| Subsidiaries| List[show]| Website| bmwgroup. com| - Motorcycles  [edit] | This section  does not  cite  any  references or sources. Please help improve this section by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and  removed. (June 2008)| See also:  BMW Motorrad  and  History of BMW motorcycles The  R32  motorcycle, the first BMW  motor vehicle. BMW began building motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I. [21]  Its motorcycle brand is now known as  BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle, after the failed Helios and Flink, was the R32 in 1923. This had a boxer twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMWs are still produced in this layout, which is designated the  R Series. During the Second World War, BMW produced the  BMW R75  motorcycle with a  sidecar  attached. Featuring a unique design copied from the  ZundappKS750, its sidecar wheel was also motor-driven. Combined with a lockable  differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the  Jeep. In 1982, came the  K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven  F  and  G  series with single and parallel twin  Rotax  engines. BMW R1200RT In the early 1990s, BMW updated the  airhead  Boxer engine which became known as the  oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170  cc and enhanced performance to 100  hp (75  kW) for the  R1200GS, compared to 85  hp (63  kW) of the previous  R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98  hp (73  kW) and 122  hp (91  kW), respectively. In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It features an engine producing 167  hp (125  kW), derived from the companys work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. BMW S1000RR BMW introduced  anti-lock brakes  on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles pave the way for the introduction ofelectronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an  Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called  swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking. BMW Group, on 31 January 2013 announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. - Automobiles  [edit] Main article:  List of BMW vehicles New Class  [edit] Main article:  BMW New Class The  New Class  (German:  Neue Klasse) was a line of compact  sedans  and coupes starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977. Powered by BMWs celebrated  four-cylinder  M10  engine, the New Class models featured a fully  independent suspension,  MacPherson struts  in front, and front disc brakes. Initially a family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class line was broadened to two-door sports sedans with the addition of the  02 Series  1600 and 2002 in 1966. Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty siblings caught auto enthusiasts attention and established BMW as an international brand. Precursors to the famed BMW  3 Series, the two-doors success cemented the firms future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with numbers ending in 0 were replaced by the largerBMW 5 Series  in 1972. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the  six-cylinder  BMW E9, introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. The 1600 two-door was discontinued in 1975, the 2002 replaced by the 320i in 1975. Current models  [edit] BMW 5-Series (F10) The  1 Series, originally launched in 2004, is BMWs smallest car. Currently available are the second generation hatchback (F20) and first generation coupe/convertible (E82/E88). The  3 Series, a  compact executive car  manufactured since  model year  1975, is currently in its sixth generation (F30); models include the sport sedan (F30), and fourth generation station wagon (E91), and convertible (E93) and third generation coupe (E92). The  5 Seriesis a  mid-size  executive car, available in sedan (F10) and station wagon (F11) forms. The  5 Series Gran Turismo  (F07), debuted in 2010, created a segment between station wagons and  crossover SUV. [22] BMW Z4 (E89) BMWs  full-size  flagship executive  sedan  is the  7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the somewhat controversial  iDrive  system. The 7 Series Hydrogen, featuring one of the worlds first  hydrogen  fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. The latest generation (F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5 Series platform, the  6 Series  is BMWs  grand touring  luxury  sport coupe/convertible (E63/E64). A 2-seater  roadster  and  coupe  which succeeded the  Z3, the  Z4  (E85) has been sold since 2002. BMW X3 (F25) The  X3  (E83), BMWs second  crossover SUV  (called  SAV  or Sports Activity Vehicle by BMW) debuted in 2003 and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMWs xDrive all-wheel drive system. The all-wheel drive  X5  (E70) was BMWs first crossover SUV (SAV), based on the 5 series, and is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A 4-seat crossover SUV released by BMW in December 2007, the  X6  is marketed as a Sports Activity Coupe (SAC) by BMW. The  X1  extends the BMW Sports Activity Series model lineup. - Overseas subsidiaries  [edit] South Africa  [edit] BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[65]  when Praetor Monteerders plant was opened in  Rosslyn, near  Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became  BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Three unique models that  BMW Motorsport  created for the South African market were the  E23  M745i (1983), which used the  M88  engine from the  BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3. 2-litre  M30  engine to the  E30,[66]  and the  E30  BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an  Alpina-derived 2. 7-litre engine. Unlike U. S. anufacturers, such as  Ford  and  GM, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of  apartheid  in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5-Series and 7-Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3-Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs a re now exported to  right hand drive  markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as  Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in  left-hand drive  for export to  Taiwan, the United States and  Iran, as well as South America. BMWs with a  VIN  starting with NC0 are manufactured in South Africa. United States  [edit] BMW  Spartanburg  factory BMW Manufacturing Co  (the factory opened in 1994) has been manufacturing all  Z4  and the  X5  (even those on Bavarian roads) and, more recently, the X6 on the same assembly line in  Greer  near  Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA. [67]  In an average work day the company builds 600 vehicles: 500 X5s and 100 Z4s. Though, BMW engines are made in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The smaller X3 has began production in Greer. BMWs with a  VIN  starting with 4US and 5US are manufactured at BMW US Manufacturing Co. , Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, USA. In 2010 BMW announced that it would spend $750  million to expand operations at the Greer plant. This expansion will allow production of 240,000 vehicles a year and will make the plant the largest car factory in the United States by number of employees. [68]  USA market is BMWs biggest single market. India  [edit] BMW  Chennai  plant,  Tamil Nadu, India BMW India  was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in  Gurgaon  (National Capital Region). A state-of-the-art assembly plant for BMW 3 and 5 Series started operation in early 2007 in  Chennai. Construction of the plant started in January 2006 with an initial investment of more than one billion Indian Rupees. The plant started operation in the first quarter of 2007 and produces the different variants of  BMW 3 Series  and  BMW 5 Series. [69]  In 2011,  The Brand Trust Report, India study, ranked BMW as the 33rd most trusted brand in India. 70] China  [edit] Main article:  BMW Brilliance Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China,[71]  May 2004 saw the opening of a factory in the North-eastern city of  Shenyang  whereBrilliance Auto  produces BMW-branded automobiles[72]  in a joint venture with the German company. [73] Japan  [edit] Yanase Co. , Ltd. is the exclusive retailer of all imported BMW (passenger cars and motorcycles) products to Japanese consumers, and has had the exclusive rights to do so since the end of World War II. Canada  [edit] In October 2008, BMW Group Canada was named one of  Greater Torontos Top Employers  by Mediacorp Canada Inc. , which was announced by the  Toronto Star  newspaper. [74] Egypt  [edit] Bavarian Auto Group  is a multinational group of companies established in March 2003 when it was appointed as the sole importer of BMW and Mini in Egypt, with monopoly rights for import, assembly, distribution, sales and after-sales support of BMW products in Egypt. Since that date, BAG invested a total amount of US$100 million distributed on seven companies and 11 premises in addition to three stores. Currently, the facility enables Bavarian Auto the opportunity to offer a full range of locally assembled models; including the BMW 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series and X3 which. In combination with a new range of imported models; including the BMW 1 Series, 6 Series, X5, X6 and various Mini models. - Marketing  [edit] Roundel logo  [edit] The circular blue and white BMW logo or  roundel  evolved from the circular  Rapp Motorenwerke  company logo, from which the BMW company grew, combined with the blue and white colors of theflag of Bavaria. 75]  The logo has been portrayed as the movement of an aircraft propeller with the white blades cutting through a blue sky—first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929, twelve years after the roundel was created—but this is not the origin of the logo itself. [76] Audio logo  [edit] In 2013, BMW replaced the double-gong sound used in TV and Radio advertising campaign since 1998 with to represent the future identity of BMW, wh ich was described as â€Å"introduced by a rising, resonant sound and underscored by two distinctive bass tones that form the sound logo’s melodic and rhythmic basis. [77]  The new sound was first used in BMW 4 Series Concept Coupe TV commercial. [78]  The sound was produced by Thomas Kisser of HASTINGS media music. [79] Driving change in a highly competitive marketplace through   continually enhancing the aspirational driving experienceAUTOMOTIVE| PROFILE: BMW Founded in 1917, the BMW Group is now one of the ten largest car manufacturers in the world and, with its BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brands, possesses three of the strongest premium brands in the car industry. The group also has a strong market position in the motorcycle sector and operates a successful financial services business. The company aims to generate profitable growth and above-average returns by focusing on the premium segments of the international automobile markets. With this in mind, a wide-ranging product and market offensive was initiated in 2001, which has resulted in the BMW Group expanding its product range considerably and strengthening its worldwide market position. The company’s brand is extremely strong and is associated with high performance, engineering excellence and innovation. Indeed, the BMW brand is often cited as one of the ‘best’ in the world, and the company continues to launch a stream of innovative products as part of its battle with German peer Mercedes to be the world’s largest luxury car maker. | | BMW’s focus on engineering excellence allied to leading-edge design continues to drive successful, profitable expansion. In 2007 BMW sales increased by 8%, Mini by 18% and Rolls-Royce by 26% with, for the first time ever, over 1000 of the super luxury cars being produced in one year. To further this growth, a host of new models is being launched, including the Mini Clubman and the new sport utility vehicle, the BMW X6 the world’s first SUV coupe. While the Clubman reinvents views on vehicle access, the X6 is an excellent example of BMW innovation at work. It combines the safety and convenience of a four-wheel-drive with the on-road performance of a sports car and is designed to appeal to the driver who enjoys a commanding driving position, but also savours the characteristics of a sports car. With its stretched coupe silhouette and pronounced performance design, underpinned by hybrid engine options, as previously achieved with the X5 and the X3 in allied markets, the X6 is the latest instance of BMW changing perceptions of what a car should provide – for its passengers and its driver alike. At its heart, it restates an aspiration for driving that is both exclusive and yet also available to the mass market. BMW has also been at the forefront of introducing new IT options to enhance the driving experience. Starting with the iDrive first introduced in the 7-series, BMW ConnectedDrive is now available across most models and is adding greater functionaility. After being one of the first to offer the capability for MP3 connectivity and incorporate RSS feeds including weather information, in 2007 BMW teamed up with Google to offer a PC driven route planning service. Of course this level of innovation does not come cheaply and a key challenge going forward will be to keep research and development costs under control. During the last five years, BMW’s average annual Ramp;D investment has been around â‚ ¬2,300 per car, compared with â‚ ¬1,700 spent by arch-rival Mercedes. Alongside the examples above, much of the money has gone into the car makers Efficient Dynamics programme aimed at making engines more efficient, improving aerodynamics, reducing weight and capturing energy during braking. As the numbers clearly show, BMW is a mass market player but one that successfully uses focused innovation to build and maintain the aspirational driving experience for many. Through a constant stream of consumer informed innovations, the company has moved ahead of its peers and future sustained and profitable growth is widely predicted. | | International success. The BMW Group. With the three brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the BMW Group has its sights set firmly on the premium sector of the international automobile market. To achieve its aims, the company knows how to deploy its strengths with an efficiency that is unmatched in the automotive industry. From research and development to sales and marketing, BMW Group is committed to the very highest in quality for all its products and services. The companys success to date is proof of this strategys correctness. 1916 Establishment of BMW. BMW can trace its roots back to Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. In 1916, the Flugmaschinenfabrik Gustav Otto company had merged into Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke AG (BFW) at government behest. Elsewhere, in 1917, the Rapp Motorenwerke company morphed into Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH, which was duly converted into an AG (public limited company) in 1918. BMW AG subsequently transferred its engine construction operations – including the company and brand names – to BFW in 1922. The date of BFW’s founding, 6 March 1916, has therefore gone down in history as the birth-date of Bayerische Motoren Werke AG. 1917 The BMW Emblem. From 1917, each of the company’s products proudly displays the BMW emblem, which incorporates the state colours of Bavaria. At the end of the 1920s, the emblem makes its first appearance in the company’s advertising as a rotating propeller – taking a form that will be used as the logo long into the future 1922 Company relocation and new beginning. After the end of the war, railway brakes and inboard engines were manufactured following the prohibition on the production of aero-engines. After the company was sold to Knorr Bremse AG in 1920, financier Camillo Castiglioni acquired engine production along with the workforce and production facilities, the company name and the logo in white and blue. He then transferred everything to â€Å"Bayerische Flugzeuge-Werke AG† (BFW). That same year the company relocated to the production facilities of BFW at Munich’s Oberwiesenfeld airfield. The main plant and the Headquarters of the BMW Group are still at this location today. 1923 BMW R 32 – the first BMW motorcycle. BMW announced its first motorcycle, the R 32, in 1923. Until then the company had only supplied engines rather than complete vehicles. The basic concept of the original BMW Motorrad model – a boxer engine with longitudinally positioned cylinders and shaft drive – is so sound, that it continues to be employed in the company’s motorcycles to this day 1928 BMW begins automotive construction. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 by purchasing the company known as Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach. Until the Second World War broke out, all BMW cars were made at this plant in the Thuringia region of Germany. The first BMW small car was built under licence from the Austin Motor Company in 1929, but was superseded by the companys own designs in 1932. 1934 Aero-engine manufacture becomes autonomous. Starting in 1933, aircraft construction in Germany received substantial financial support from the government. In 1934, BMW AG hived off its aero-engine division to BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH. Two years later Flugmotorenfabrik Eisenach GmbH was established jointly by the AG (public limited company) and the GmbH (private limited company) and the letters BMW were included in the name in 1939. 936 Establishment of the â€Å"Shadow Plant† Allach. BMW AG and BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH established Flugmotorenfabrik Allach GmbH. Just one year later, they assigned their shares to Luftfahrtkontor GmbH Berlin, which secretly subsidised the BMW Plant Allach near Munich with government funding. By 1941, the plant had been significantly expanded for industrial production of aero-engines. 1939 BMW takes o ver Brandenburgische Motorenwerke. Brandenburgische Motorenwerke GmbH (Bramo) in Berlin-Spandau, previously Siemens Apparate- und Maschinenbau GmbH, and BMW merged the development of air-cooled aero-engines. One year later, shortly before the start of the Second World War, BMW took over Bramo and integrated the Spandau Plant as BMW Flugmotorenwerke Brandenburg GmbH into BMW AG. 1941 BMW in World War II. During the Second World War, BMW was classified as a German armaments and war materials manufacturer, and devoted its resources almost exclusively to building aircraft engines for the German Air Force. Other plants were opened in addition to those in Munich and Eisenach. 1942 Forced labour at BMW. BMW takes on its first foreign workers in 1940, employing them on the factory floor. From 1942, convicts, Eastern European prisoners of war, and predominantly Western European forced labourers are made to work at BMW alongside concentration camp prisoners. As in the majority of German industries, the company’s management has a technocratic approach and is focused on efficiency. The use of forced labour is tacitly approved and accepted. During the Third Reich, forced labourers must work in deeply distressing conditions. Today, BMW is painfully aware of the great human suffering caused by this, and deeply regrets the fate of the forced labourers. 1945 Reconstruction difficulties. After the Second World War, allied soldiers requisitioned and occupied the BMW plants. Since BMW had been classified as an armaments company, the machines and tools were dismantled. From 1945 onwards stopgap production, mainly of kitchen utensils, was started in Milbertshofen as was also the case at the Berlin plant. 1945 The Munich plant is dismantled. In October 1945, the US military government issued a command for dismantling the BMW plants in Munich and Allach. This meant that BMW lost the power of disposal over its assets until 1949, and in Allach this loss of control in fact lasted until 1955. A large proportion of the intact machines were dismantled at the Munich-Milbertshofen plant and shipped all over the world as reparations. 1948 A motorcycle from nothing. The BMW R 24. The first BMW vehicle to take to the road after 1945 was the R 24 motorcycle, introduced in March 1948; it was a developed version of the pre-war R 23 model. Shortages of materials and machinery delayed series production until December 1948, but the sales success of the R 24 then exceeded all expectations, and 9,144 were sold in 1949 alone. 1951 The BMW 501. The first post-war BMW automobile. BMWs first post-war automobile was the 501, built from 1952 onwards. A large saloon capable of seating up to six people, it was powered by a developed version of the six-cylinder engine used in the pre-war BMW 326. As a luxury car, the BMW 501 was not a commercial success, but it none the less restored BMWs status as a manufacturer of high-quality, technically exciting cars. 1959 BMW remains independent. As the 1950s progressed, the position of the company became increasingly precarious. At the end of 1959, Daimler-Benz submitted a restructuring offer for BMW subject to a time limit for acceptance. But small shareholders and the workforce rejected this offer at the Annual General Meeting held on 9 December. Their perseverance and his confidence in the BMW 700 motivated Herbert Quandt to expand his package of shares. After the government provided some temporary financial assistance, BMW was restructured under Quandt’s management in the following year. 1961 The New Class makes a breakthrough. BMW exhibited the 1500 model at the 1961 German Motor Show, and with it penetrated a gap in the market. This was the model that re-established BMW as a successful, modern carmaker. The design of the four-door touring car immediately generates excitement, and orders far exceed production capacities. By 1963, the company is able to record a profit once more. 1967 New location: the plant group Dingolfing. In the mid-1960s, the BMW Munich plant reached the limit of its capacity. BMW initially drew up plans for the construction of new facilities but then purchased crisis-ridden automotive company Hans Glas GmbH together with its locations in Dingolfing and Landshut. Both sites were restructured and the biggest BMW plant in the world was created at Dingolfing in the subsequent decades. 969 Motorcycles to Berlin. BMW urgently needed more space at the Munich plant to meet the demands of expanding automobile production. In 1969, production of BMW motorcycles was therefore transferred to Berlin-Spandau. At the start of the 1970s, BMW launched a series of new models. The representatives of the /5 Series were the first BMW motorcycles to be manufactured completely at the Berlin-Spandau facility. 1970 The Herbert Quandt Foundation. BMW AG founded the Herbert Quandt Foundation to celebrate the landmark 60th birthday of its major shareholder. It developed into a foundation with an international reputation as a sponsor for transfer of knowledge and experience across the Atlantic. After the Cold War came to an end, the foundation also became an important platform for promotion of understanding between East and West, as well as within an expanded Europe. 1971 BMW Kredit GmbH. BMW Kredit GmbH was set up as a new BMW subsidiary company to provide finance for the company’s own transactions and most importantly for the dealerships. The new company formed the foundation stone for the burgeoning finance and leasing business, which remains a crucial element in the company’s success.

The Black Death and the Transformation of the West Sample Essay Example For Students

The Black Death and the Transformation of the West Sample Essay Herlihy argues that the Black Death paved the manner for an detonation of technological progresss. greatly altered faith and divinity. and wholly transformed European society as a whole. The Black Death was catalystic for the transmutation from a feudalistic society. to Europe as we now know it. Herlihy argues that the mayhem wreaked by the Black Death and subsequent diseases spurred the creative activity of innovations that made life in a post-plague Europe more manageable. These innovations doubtless led to the Industrial Revolution and dramatic alterations to the full European economic system. The sudden plumb bob in population created a demand for labour and caused mediaeval provincials to go nomadic and independent from Godheads as they sought after occupations. We will write a custom essay on The Black Death and the Transformation of the West Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Despite 100s of old ages of medical promotions and discoveries in epidemiology. we still live in a universe full of AIDS. malaria. xanthous febrility and other devastating diseases. One of the most common diseases impacting Americans today is fleshiness. Obesity. which affects over a one-fourth of our state. is the taking cause of premature decease in America. but the saddest portion is that fleshiness is about wholly preventable. Through simple lifestyle alterations. we may be able to work out one of America’s biggest jobs. The Black Death taught us the importance of fixing for these diseases by developing new inoculations and antibiotics in hopes that we may someday be able to eliminate these diseases and salvage 1000000s of lives.

Ebola- Week 7 Media Post Example

Ebola Ebola number Ebola Ebola is probably one of the most dangerous and deadly disease across the globe. However, many peopleare not aware of the fact that that the chances of contracting Ebola virus disease are very slim unless you come into direct contact with bodily fluids or blood of someone who has contracted the disease. In order to avoid being a victim of this deadly disease, it is advisable to learn as much as you can about this disease (Chapnick, 23). The past year has seen Ebola escalate to unprecedented levels and this caused panic in a way that has never being seen before. Perhaps there are people who have a firsthand experience of fighting Ebola such as Peter Clement, a doctor from Liberia who worked in Lofa County. This is probably the place that was hard hit by the epidemic just when it had started to escalate. By this time, there were dozens of patients who were terrified by the terror unleashed by this virus. This disease was tearing families apart and communities alike. It is the effort of people such as Clement who tried to contain the situation and keep it at a manageable level. Peter came across a situation where family members were running away from their loved ones because of the fear of contracting the disease. As such, there were unattended patients as well as uncollected bodies. Of concern is how the virus was not detected earlier. The main reason behind this loophole is the fact that Ebola was often associated with Central Africa and it was not considered to be a disease for West Africa. Hence, this disease caught most of the people by surprise and before they could realize what they were dealing with, the situation was getting out of hand. Works citedChapnick, E. K. Ebola Myths and Facts for Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. Print.

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule Research Paper

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule - Research Paper Example Audit theory and practice also covers other areas that include the basis of audit opinion, legal liability of the auditors, and examination of frauds, audit evidence, and audit programs. For an audit to be successful, the above factors have to be analyzed critically so that the auditors achieve clarity (Reed, Shedd, Morehead, and Pagnattaro, 2009, p. 39). The auditors have to ensure that they carry out the work professionally in accordance with the laid down policies and procedures. They have to ensure that they follow the guidelines which include the auditing standards that guide them during the process of the audit. The client entrusts the auditors with the responsibility of carrying out a substantive test meant to evaluate the subject matter to provide an assurance to the intended user concerning the subject matter. The auditor faces many challenges before the audit process, during the auditing process, or after the process (Moeller, 2004, p. 39). Auditing relies on sampling and e stimation of values which makes the credibility of the process doubtful. Lack of sufficient information is one of the challenges that auditors face during the process hence making the process difficult to accomplish within the given time. International Auditing Standards requires that auditors obtain a lucid understanding of the company being audited and its environment. This understanding of the internal control system will help them identify misstatements that are material in the statements that may arise due to fraud or error. To avoid post audit problems that may arise, the auditors have to analyze the process that the company adopts critically to identify business risks. Post audit challenges are the challenges that auditors face after completion of the audit process. These challenges make the process an excellent training for the executives. The Model Audit Rule is a collection of accounting standards that govern the audit process. It ensures that auditors ensure financial sta bility and proper governance to the various companies who consult them for their services. An internal control financial report is a basic requirement in the Module Audit Rule to ensure that professionals formulate controls. It also ensures that controls are operating as intended (Vasarhelyi, 2005, p. 77). The main role of this rule is to enhance oversight of financial stability of various insurance companies. It has the responsibility of setting the guidelines that govern auditor’s independence and create rules for the audit committee. Influence of legal, regulatory, and social environments on audit theory and practice Legal, regulatory, and social environments have absolute impact on audit theory and practice. The legal environment entails criminal liabilities for auditors, auditor’s liability to clients and third parties, and their responsibility to detect frauds and errors. This is a tremendously vital part during the audit process since it governs the conduct of t he auditor during performance of the audit. The legal environment is particularly vital in reduction of post implementation challenges that will arise after the Model Audit Rule is introduces (Cheeseman, 1997, p. 79). A detailed analysis of the legal environment concerning the Model Audit Rule is necessary to ensure that companies and auditors understand the requirements of the rule. This will cut the cost of the companies and reduce

Compare and contrast leadership and management styles of the United Research Proposal

Compare and contrast leadership and management styles of the United States Air Force and Cephalon, Inc. and how it impacts the c - Research Proposal Example This study would discuss the leadership skills they have taken for their country. Management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established. A set of understandings or meanings shared by a group of people that are largely tacit among members and are clearly relevant and distinctive to the particular group which are also passed on to new members. â€Å"A set of common understandings around which action is organized†¦finding expression in language whose nuances are peculiar to the group† (Becker and Geer 1960). (Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Organizational Culture, n.d). Purpose of study: This research is done to compare and contrast leadership and management styles of the United States Air Force and Cephalon, Inc. This research is done for finding the leadership styles and management styles of the USAF and Cephalon, Inc. This study includes the history, mission, vision, core values, raining p rocess, and opportunity of the organizations. Body: The most important responsibility of the USAF is national security, and their primary focus remained or strategic bombing, and plans for aerial release of nuclear bombs against the Soviet Union close air support to the Army to the delivery of tactical nuclear weapons on the combat zones. I’m retired Air Force and now an Air Force civilian at Pope AFB NC. Airman Raymond Losano and Tech .Sgt. John A.

Schwarz Leadership Programme at Moog Case Study

Schwarz Leadership Programme at Moog - Case Study Example This section will describe in some detail the research methodology used for this report. This report utilises both inductive and deductive methodologies for the research. The findings from a deductive approach are more likely to be accepted by the Senior Management, but consideration must be given to the appropriateness of the method in context to the research question. Using an inductive approach for this research allows the research to focus on why people behave in particular way once they have undertaken the Schwarz leadership training. For this report a combination of the two will be used, including a mixed method approach as the deductive research will be quicker to complete whilst the inductive approach will allow for analysis and reflection on the data. Moog operates in various locations throughout the world, so there will be a cross-sectional study in order to assess if the Schwarz training is perceived in the same way in Europe and the Americas region. Although this type of study only allows for a snapshot in time, the data acquired will enable the comparison of behaviours between the various regions. A key benefit of using a cross-sectional study for this research as it will enable the assessment of respondents within the different regions of the company and not just concentrate on one particular group. This research involved respondents from a focus group and there has been an effort to have a mixture of respondents, some of whom did not actually participate in the questionnaire. This style of group interviewing is particularly desirable, as it is not necessary to have one particular structure to how the group will be facilitated and the session was not intended to appear overly formal. A lot can be learned through the focus group meeting, and also about the participant's opinions towards the Schwarz training. This generated a lot of discussion, and can be seen as being 'information rich'. It certainly was information rich as the participants came across extremely enthusiastic about the discussion on Schwarz training to the point that the meeting had overrun by thirty minutes. This session allowed the participants to become more empowered and able to comment in their own words and at the same time being stimulated by thoughts and comments of others in the group A major disadvantage of the focus group meeting is that confidentiality can be a problem between the participants and although I had communicated to the group that what had been said in the session would remain confidential, I was concerned this might not be shared by the entire group. I would have liked to include participants from the overseas sites however this was not practical to do. Previous situations have shown that the engagement of overseas participants through conference call is quite limited when focus group meetings are facilitated with overseas participants. In terms of research strategy Saunders et al., 2007 puts forward the case that strategy can be used for exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research. With this in mind I shall be using a case study and survey, as the survey strategy fits in very well with the deductive approach, and furthermore it is easy to explain and understand for communication purposes, which is particularly important as English is not always the first language for many of the people who work at Moog. Therefore for the purposes of this research, a

Mental Health Definition and Case Study

Mental Health Definition and Case Study This assignment is going to explore about what mental health is and make a distinction between mental disorders and mental illnesses. A case study of a patient suffering with depression is going to be incorporated within the assignment. The assignment will also define what depression is and address the possible causes, symptoms, medication and therapies that could be used to change the mental health state of the patient. Changes in the mental health state of the individual will be explored showing the differences between a patient with depression and a person who does not suffer with depression. Gibbs, (1988) reflective cycle is going to be used together with Fleming, (1987) learning needs and styles models to reflect on own personal learning needs. SWOT analysis is going to be use in included reflecting on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct, (2008) and Data Protection Act, (1998) confidentialit y and anonymity will be maintained throughout the assignment. In order to give a depth answers to the above question, it is necessary to briefly mention the importance of mental health and mental illness in our society. Mental health is defined as ‘a continuum of experience, from mental well being through to a severe and enduring mental illness ‘(Austin and Priest, 2005).Kakar, (1984) also define mental health as a label, which covers different perspectives and concerns, such as the absence of incapacitating symptoms, integration of psychological functioning, effective conduct of personal and social life, feelings of ethical and spiritual well-being. In (2007) the WHO define mental health as conceptualized as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. In this positive sense, mental health is the foundation for well- being and effectuating for an individual and for a community. (DH 2001), defined mental health as ‘thinking, feeling and physical health and well-being‘. The world Health Organisation (WHO), (2001) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Mental health problems are more common in people with a learning disability which is the authors chosen branch of work. It is important to have a good knowledge about what health is before defining what mental health is. The WHO uses a holistic approach when looking at health. The (2004) WHO report on â€Å"Promoting Mental Health† stated that â€Å".mental Health and mental illness are determined by multiple and interacting social, Psychological and biological factors, just as health and illness in general. Mental health implies fitness rather than freedom from illness† (WHO, 2004 p 13). Norman and Ryrie, (2009) are not in full agreement of WHOS definitions of health and mental health. They suggest that, these definitions are little value. However they are in agreement with their 2007 definitions and suggest that it hold more promise. They suggest it relates more to their quadrant concept of ‘self and ‘community. Norman and Ryrie are in the agreement with the WHOS definition they believe it is slightly complex and they suggest that, the authors Keyes (2002) and Huppert (2005) use more simpler approach to defined positive   mental health and well-being. The use terms such as hedonic and eudaimonic.Hedonic means positive feelings and positive affect, which reflect subjective well-being and eudaimonic means positive fu nctioning, which includes engagement, fulfilment and social well-being. Mental health is the capacity to live life to the full in ways that enables us to realise our own natural potentialities, and that unite us with rather than divide us from all other human beings who make up our world (Guntrip 1964).According to the Department of Health (1995), mental health consists of four key capacities: The ability to develop psychologically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually, the ability to intiate, develop and sustain mutually satisfying personal relationships, the ability to become aware of others and to empathise with them and the ability to use psychological distress as a development process, so that it does not hinder or impair further development. Depression REFLECTION Schon, (1983) define reflection as a process of thinking with a purpose and focused strongly on the need to test out and challenge true beliefs by applying the scientific method through deductive reasoning and experimentation and also implied that emotions and feelings are part of reflective thinking. Reflection is an active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusion to which it tends Dewey (1933).Using Gibbs reflective Cycle, (1988) appendix 1 and Neil Flemings Vark system, (1987) I will reflect on my experiences on my practise ward and on my theory. By having the chance to completed Flemings Vark questionnaire and my result was multimodal. This showed that I could learn by reading and writing literature, learning using visual aids, aurally and using kinaesthetic methods. I intend to reflect on my communication skills, literacy skills IT skills using Gibbs cycle. Gibbs cycle is a six stage cycle which helps the reader to reflect on situations, analyse feelings and evaluate experiences, conclude situations and how a person would deal with experiences again if they rose. REFERENCES Austin M.P and Priest S.R 2005 Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Online) 112(no.2) Norman Ian and Ryrie Iain 2009, the Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing, Second Edition, Open University Press BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, G and Jenkins, R (Eds) 1999 Management of Mental Disorders

The Daval Snuff Project :: essays research papers

Two summers ago I started working at this gun shop. Its not a great job but its money I didn't have before. While working there, I met a guy by the name of Daval Snuff. He's real smart(even though he dropped out of highschool) funny, nice, and knows a lot about guns. Two of Daval's best friends, BoodaSac and Feebus, told that he had a little crush on me. The problem was, I already had a boyfriend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I told Daval about Bobbio, my boyfriend, he threatened to kill him.He said he would literally kill him over me. It may sound weird but, I was flattered.I didn't know if he was serious about it or not, so I took a vacation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While on vacation I went to church and had a good prayer with Pastor Mickey. He simply told me not to believe him. On the fourth coming day of her vacation the guys at work told me that Bobbio had stopped by the store. They also mentioned that he met Daval...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I called Bobbio no one answered, I got suspious. Little did I know that Daval had invited him to go hunting. What Bobbio didn't know was that Daval was hunting for HIM...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Little did Daval know, Bobbio was a trained asassign for the MM(Mexican Mafia). Bobbio knew something was up when Daval shot him with a tranquilizer dart, but Bobbio being the trained assasign that he is took the dart out and sucked the poison out and spit it in Daval's eye.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The deadly poison from the dart severly wounded Daval's eyes leaving him blind and alone.With Bobbio gone, Daval was left to fend for himself.

Human Population and Population Growth

In early years human population and population growth has not been an issue. This is because of the variety of different environmental factors. Sickness and disease has played a large role in keeping human population under control since the beginning of time. It seemed that when a population would get over crowded an epidemic such as, the influenza or small pox would break out. This would drastically decrease the population enough that it would be under control again. Famine is another great controller of population. When a famine strikes an area only the few with enough food will be able to reproduce or even survive. An examination of world population control would not be complete with out including war. War also performs wonders at controlling population by murdering most men of child rearing age. In today†s day and age, with our current technology increases disease outbreak and famine (except in some 3rd world countries) is not much of a factor any more. War is not considered a valid population control method due to today†s â€Å"new† wars. Without the three largest population controllers much of a factor any more, population is free to run out of control. This provides us with an ever-increasing controversy; this is whether government or society should dictate family size. I believe that society can infringe indirect controls over family size, but these are considered more community norms as opposed to hard fast rules such as governments can set. Two examples will follow. First, we will look at our society. Yes, the USA†s turn to no child and one-child families. This was caused by society. Society pushes Americans to have successful careers both male and female. There has been a switch from families to careers. This does not providing Americans with the time or means for multiple children, but cutting the number down to one or none. Another example of society's control is the push in some Asian/Middle Eastern countries for a family†s first child to be male. Even when there is no government regulation many cultures push for your first child to be male. This forces families to abort females and even murder them once they have been born. Once again this is a society/cultural push not a mandated rule. These instances are what different societies have created for themselves, when included in one of these societies it is hard to say whether it is right or wrong. I will first address the aspect that government should not control family size. First of all, it is a natural and religious right to produce offspring. Breed, multiply and populate has been the belief since the beginning of time. The idea is to grow population so that our beliefs and way of life may be spread and passed on. Who is government to take these right away? Governmental control over family size goes against everything that the USA stands for. This would be an age-old idea called freedom. When a government starts dictating the kind and size of family a person can have. Almost all freedom is lost. Another topic briefly addressed above is the aborting and murdering of babies that aren†t male. A first hand example of this is China. China regulates or gives incentives to families that only produce one child. This is where the problem begins because most families want this child to be male. Male children are providers and will go out and join the working world. They will be â€Å"successful†. Many female babies are aborted once sex is determined. If sex is not determined before birth, once born many female babies are abandoned or destroyed. This showing the cruelty that government controlled family size will push people to. Government should control family size because in most instances the general population cannot handle this for themselves. A prime example of this is our already over crowded inner cities. People with chemical addictions and no financial means are cranking out babies right and left. They have no means of providing for all of these children. Government currently provides for these under privileged children, that as cruel as it sounds, should not have been born. I have had a first hand example of this problem. A family friend in another state has adopted three crack babies from the same mother; this mother is also on welfare. This certain mother is by no means an exception. China is another example of why government needs to control population. Look at the current problems that they are faced with because in previous years they have done nothing. Left uncontrolled, population will snowball out of control. Government needs to be aware of the ever -increasing population growth problem. I believe that rather that mandating how many children a family can have. They should educate its population on different means of birth control and possibly start providing for free. Especially in this country a harsher penalties needs to be imposed for chemical dependent mothers that become baby factories. An education/management plan can be imposed allowing individuals the freedom to determine the number of children they desire to have.

Free Essays on Printers

Printers In 1953, the first high-speed printer was developed by Remington-Rand for use on the Univac computer. In 1938, Chester Carlson invented a dry printing process called electrophotography commonly called a Xerox, the foundation technology for laser printers to come. The original laser printer called EARS was developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center beginning in 1969 and completed in November, 1971. Xerox Engineer, Gary Starkweather adapted Xerox copier technology adding a laser beam to it to come up with the laser printer. According to Xerox, "The Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System, the first xerographic laser printer product, was released in 1977. The 9700, a direct descendent from the original PARC "EARS" printer which pioneered in laser scanning optics, character generation electronics, and page-formatting software, was the first product on the market to be enabled by PARC research." According to IBM, "the very first IBM 3800 was installed in the central accounting office at F. W. Woolworth’’s North American data center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1976." The IBM 3800 Printing System was the industry’’s first high-speed, laser printer. A laser printer that operated at speeds of more than 100 impressions-per-minute. It was the first printer to combine laser technology and electrophotography according to IBM. In 1992, Hewlett-Packard released the popular LaserJet 4, the first 600 by 600 dots per inch resolution laser printer. In 1976, the inkjet printer was invented, but it took until 1988 for the inkjet to become a home consumer item with Hewlett-Parkard's release of the DeskJet inkjet printer, priced at a whopping $1000. Printer Technology By: EH Since the introduction of computers into our society, there have been countless advancements in this technology. One of the most frequently used output devices in the computer system is the printer. Like all other components of the computer, this p... Free Essays on Printers Free Essays on Printers Printers In 1953, the first high-speed printer was developed by Remington-Rand for use on the Univac computer. In 1938, Chester Carlson invented a dry printing process called electrophotography commonly called a Xerox, the foundation technology for laser printers to come. The original laser printer called EARS was developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center beginning in 1969 and completed in November, 1971. Xerox Engineer, Gary Starkweather adapted Xerox copier technology adding a laser beam to it to come up with the laser printer. According to Xerox, "The Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System, the first xerographic laser printer product, was released in 1977. The 9700, a direct descendent from the original PARC "EARS" printer which pioneered in laser scanning optics, character generation electronics, and page-formatting software, was the first product on the market to be enabled by PARC research." According to IBM, "the very first IBM 3800 was installed in the central accounting office at F. W. Woolworth’’s North American data center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1976." The IBM 3800 Printing System was the industry’’s first high-speed, laser printer. A laser printer that operated at speeds of more than 100 impressions-per-minute. It was the first printer to combine laser technology and electrophotography according to IBM. In 1992, Hewlett-Packard released the popular LaserJet 4, the first 600 by 600 dots per inch resolution laser printer. In 1976, the inkjet printer was invented, but it took until 1988 for the inkjet to become a home consumer item with Hewlett-Parkard's release of the DeskJet inkjet printer, priced at a whopping $1000. Printer Technology By: EH Since the introduction of computers into our society, there have been countless advancements in this technology. One of the most frequently used output devices in the computer system is the printer. Like all other components of the computer, this p...

The Renaissance and Change essays

The Renaissance and Change essays History shows us that we are always taking transitions and making changes. The renaissance is no exception. People began to act in a different manor, they began to study human habits and patterns. And acknowledged 'self-conscious awareness?. The renaissance was a time of re-birth. During this time of identity change, people began to put a real emphasis on material objects, and decorations. Surprisingly the church was the biggest influence in this new trend. Cathedrals were decorated from floor to ceiling with intricate murals and carvings. This is an example of 'secularism?. People soon began to take it a bit farther than decorations. And began to focus on how they and their positions appeared, rather than their devotion and spiritual being. People began to utilize the 'secular-spirit? Individualism is the development of one's traits and capabilities. But people began to Brag and show off rather than express one's Individual self. Renaissance artwork is a great example of secularism and individualism. Artist strove to make their paintings more realistic. Medieval art was flat. They didn't use such a broad range of colors, the lines were rather strait and the depth perception is all off. During the Renaissance artist like Michelangelo and DaVinchi experimented with light and rich colors, depth and curvilinear lines. Rich people would hire artist like Michelangelo and DaVinchi to paint murals in their houses. The paintings were usually of the owner doing an admirable deed or in the place of a biblical character. The artist was often paid more for glorifying the event. They would make the owner of the house more handsome, more muscular or make his action into a bigger deal. People did this so that visitors would be impressed or even intimidated at the families presence. Niccolo Machiavelli was a famous writer. His most famous work was The Prince. It is a book that focuses on politics and human nature. Machiavelli believ...

MDCM (A) case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MDCM (A) - Case Study Example The company possessed large number of skilled and efficient employees and it assisted the firm to win different industry awards for product quality. Despite these potential internal strengths, the company had been struggling with the fifth consecutive quarterly loss for the second quarter of 2002. This paper will define the MDCM’s overall corporate strategy, the business environment in which the firm operates, and related high level IT objectives. The Accenture IT governance model includes four distinct IT infrastructures such as efficient and predictable operators, information integrators, responsive solution providers, and new capability enablers. It is clear that the MDCM falls under the category of new capability enablers. The Accenture IT governance model states that organizations that operate as new capability enablers are characterized with higher rate of organizational change. In addition, these organizations compete on product or service differentiation rather than on cost. New capability enablers generally have the capacity to meet rapidly changing business practices and requirements as they are flexible to market transitions. Such firms vehemently try to develop innovative IT solutions delivering first-mover advantages to managements as their major goal. For this purpose, they particularly target on their IT investments which add value to flexible capabilities that would produce bottom line results. The case study indicates that business acquisition is one of the major global expansion strategies of the organization. As Jeffery and Norton (2006) point out, MDCM allowed the acquired companies to operate freely and to serve their local customers better way. The case writers also reflect that the company had no centralized IT system to integrate the business operations of all subsidiaries (p.3). The company gave great emphasis on customer tastes and specifications and offered differentiated services to different market segments. However, the company

Motivation in organization, in the eyes of B.F. Skinner Essay

Motivation in organization, in the eyes of B.F. Skinner - Essay Example In operant conditioning, Skinner shows that punishment dealt in any form severely affects an organism in a very negative manner and therefore must not be practiced. Applying this concept to education, Skinner believes that punishing a student, especially very young ones can bring about adverse effects in their behaviour in the future. If applied to Organisational behaviour, a leader or organizer within the group must keep in mind that the administration of punishment may or may not have negative repercussions to the members of the group if it is not done properly. Although punishment is allotted in school and in the workplace, Skinner believes that this does not promote the mental well-being of students and workers. He also believes that there is no such thing as "motivation", stating that this is just a by-product of punishment and that individuals learn and function more efficiently if they are let to discover things by themselves assuming that they are provided with all the materi als they need. This work relates Skinners psychological concepts to organisational behaviour, how his concepts affect the group as a whole and the members within the group. Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on March 20 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. He went to Hamilton College taking up a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature circa 1926. He tried to pursue a career in writing fiction after he graduated from college. He chose to settle in Greenwich Village, but was later frustrated with his works, thinking that he can never make it right because he feels that he lacks the experience and passion to write. He the chance upon the philosophical works of Bertland Russel which also discusses the behaviourist theories of psychologist John B. Watson who would later on inspire B.F. Skinner to study psychology. Skinner was so inspired with Watson and his work that he began to express much interest in the behaviour of people around him. His interest in psychology was also reflected in his fictional work, but he eventually decided to stop writing and study Psychology at Harvard. He received his doctorate degree in psychology at Harvard, working afterwar ds as a university researcher until 1936. He then went on to teach psychology at the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis and in the University of Indiana, but found himself back at Harvard in 1948 as a professor of psychology. He was a rather decorated educator having received awards like the Medal of Science in 1968, presented to him by no less than President Lyndon B. Johnson. Himself. Three years past and he was awarded with the Gold Medal of the American Psychological Foundation and was given the Humanist of the Year Award of the American Humanist Association in 1972. Eight days before his death in 1990, he became the first recipient of the Citation for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology by the American Psychological Association (Wikipedi, 2006a; Wikipedia, 2006b). Being the author that he is, B.F. Skinner has published numerous books about psychology and fiction. Among these are: Walden Two in 1948, Science and Human Behaviour in 1953, Verbal Behaviour in 1957 a nd both Freedom and Dignity and About Behaviourism in 1971 (Tsicali, 2003). B, F. Skinner's

DSS (Information-Technology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DSS (Information-Technology) - Essay Example DSS is usually designed as an interactive tool which receives input from the user end to compile, assist and guide in the decision making process. The reliability and accuracy of the DSS have been proved in various occasions (Shortliffe, 1987). This present research work deals with various applications of DSS in medical informatics. There is a growing interest in adopting decision support systems in health care. The application of information technology can improve the process quality by automation and minimizing errors drastically. It can rectify the problems associated with the existing technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of CDSS on the prescription costs (S.Troy McMullin et al 2004). The CDSS provides clinicians with adequate recommendations for the prescription process. The promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies influence the physicians in the drug prescription. They culminate in prescription of inappropriate drugs with high cost. These kinds of consequences can be overcome by the utilization of the automated systems since they provide guidelines based on preset facts and literature providing a cost effective solution. The CDSS WELLINX is one such example for this. The developed system guides the clinicians to choose a specific diagnosis and displays prescription relating to the condition. It works effectively in the decision making process cost effectively. DSS have been widely used and has also shown significant results in the patient outcomes. Studies carried out by shows CDSS improves quality of healthcare by providing accurate and timely diagnostic information. Once a system is derived taking into consideration all the requirements including the knowledge base it will prove good in the decision making process. Minimizing errors It was reported in a survey the prescribers had an error rate of 1.5%, a quarter of which may lead to serious effects (Dean B, 2002). Computerized systems for medicine or decision support system evolved as a result of repeated encountered errors; the UK and US government reformed the medical policy by depending on the information technological support and applications to minimize these errors. DSS improving decision quality In a study conducted (Vitali Sintchenko et al, 2004) on the impact of computerized decision support systems (CBSS) on antibiotic prescribing decisions, it was found CBSS improved the decision quality significantly. They graded the clinical impact score based on adoption rate and decision effectiveness and it was revealed from their work that DSS along with the microbiology report showed a high clinical impact score than the electronic guideline and electronic medical reports. Treatment guidelines Madhukar H. Trived et al, 2004 in his work describes the outlines the present use of computerized systems for implementing treatment guidelines and early use of a computerized decision support system for treating depression. It was found that the physicians'

Strategy and Planning Essay Essay Example for Free

Strategy and Planning Essay Essay The maximum exploitation of our resources is the key to advantage over the competitors. Marketing is one of the main areas in which a well versed strategic plan can make the organisation to attract customers here the way in which we describe the organizations motives, goals and the dedication to the customers reflect in our adverts. So, cleverly placing the right factors in the right place is a challenge in the strategic planning decision making. In this ever changing business environment the only way of survival of an organisation depends upon the decisions it makes. Thus strategic planning is the key factor to success. In this research we will briefly discuss about the tools of strategy and the outcomes of implementing these tools in an organisation. We will discuss about SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and Potters Five Force. 3 (b). SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is one of the tools in strategic planning and decision making. This tool helps us to judge the organizations position in the business environment. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. Strength The organizations factors which are most influential with respect to customers, market share, and brand value and so on. The strength of an organisation maybe its good will, an excellent customer relationship management and many other sensitive factors which lies on the organizations side. Weakness The things which are an advantage of the competitor and a disadvantage to our organisation. The weakness factor may depend upon our organizations own business policies and or work ethics which binds us to a corner, the competitors takes advantage of this issue and exploit the opportunity but fine tuning our strategy and decision making will bring in a drastic change. Opportunities The chance in which all the things fall in line for our organisation to exploit and to make a profit of it is the definition for opportunities. Opportunities can occur due to a change in trend of customers, brand switching an so on. It is wise for an organisation to make use of such opportunities. Threats The main and most important factor is the threats from rivals and competitors. If an organisation fails to with stand the threats from the competitors then it will surely end up in bankruptcy, the competition may come up with innovative ways of marketing and attracting customers so it is our bounded duty to over come the competitors by creating innovative ways of marketing through strategic planning. Example for SWOT analysis Soft drink giant: Coca-Cola Strengths One of the most successful organisations of all time. The brand value of Coca-Cola is worth more than $68 million in 2009. the company manages its products over 200 countries with over 700 products which is a gigantic goal to achieve but maintaining it as the leader of its kind is still another battle. People tend to be faithful to the Coca-Cola brand because of its one main product the cola drink. So a wide variety of different products from the company with the same brand name tends to market the products for itself. (www. interbrand. com) Weaknesses The Coca-ColaCompany products are beverages so the main weakness for them is that they have this lobby of beverage segment and this is might be their weakness because in the long run they might hit the ground if any other company produces a better beverage. And nowadays people tend to make choices more often than in the past so it is a vulnerable area to be looked upon! Opportunities People are concerned about their health now more than ever so the introduction of Coke Zero a new product from the Coca-ColaCompany is catching up a considerable amount of market share because of its new distinct taste without added sugar in some countries but basically its a new drink with zero calories, the company claims!. The company is exploiting the current trend of health criteria. Threats The main competitor of Coca-ColaCompany is the PepsiCo Inc, the Pepsi Cola Company introduces new products in response to the Coca-ColaCompany. The Coca-ColaCompany is trying very hard to cope up with the situation. During 998 the PepsiCo Inc managed to out smart the company. So without the proper strategic planning PepsiCo will soon go beyond the Cokes victory 3(c). The PESTLE Analysis The most important tool of strategic planning is the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is a tool which helps us to judge our position in the market with respect to the macro environment. PESTLE stands for P Political Forces, E Economical Forces, S -Social Forces, T -Technological Forces, L Legislative Forces and E Environmental Forces. These forces influence the overall performance, market value, finance and customer relationship of the company. We will briefly discuss about the PESTEL forces one by one by implementing into an organisation. Example : Integrated Electronics (INTEL) Semiconductors. The Intel Semiconductors are the producers of the famous Intel microchips which literally runs the computer industry but with some rivals such as AMD Inc (Advanced Micro devices). Here we will apply the PESTEL analysis to know the factors that are influencing the Intel semiconductors. Political : The implementation of new taxes and the internationalism of the products tends to make the company to adhere to strict rules in each country which the company is ventured on. So Intel is focusing upon its new products onto buyers and not on further research and development because of the political pressure around the organisation. Economic: The semiconductor industry is in rise. So, the financial status of the company is rising due to a smaller amount of competitors there is lower amount of threats so the economic factor of the company is in concrete position as of now. Social: The company is present in an ever changing dynamic business environment so it has to be sensitive to changes that occur in the environment and then adapt to the changes that takes place. Technological: The semiconductor industry is ever growing in rapidly increasing speed. So, the technological advancements of the industry must be up to date due to high growth ratio of processors which are used in computers across the globe. The research and development team comes up with new innovative ideas to integrate the previous processing unit into the new one with advanced technology so the computation power increases more than double the time the predecessor microchip used to compute. Legislative: The legal factors are important factors of the company because every country that the company venture into must strictly adhere to that particular countrys rules and regulations. Environment: Being a semiconductor company the company must look after environmental issues which affect the world so the semiconductor devices must be environmentally friendly and recycling of the devices plays a vital role in the environmental factor. The company has a good background of making environmentally friendly chips and recycling units so the environmental issue is under control. (http://ivythesis. typepad. com) 3(d). Porters Five Forces: The porters five forces is a business strategy tool which is used to analyse the position of a company and assessing its strength with respect to the competitors in this case new entrants and their impact in this ever changing environment. The porters five forces are: Existing rivalry among firms Threat of new entrants determinants of supplier power Determinants of buyer power Threat of substitute products Example: AIRBUS The porters five applied to the Airbus aviation company who have been the most influential carriers of all time apart from Boeing. These two major aircraft companies were literally in a fight for gaining the considerable mount of market share. Since the introduction of Airbus A380 the Boeing Company has lost lot of customers. The new entrant in our case the A380 is so much advanced than the legendary Boeing 747 which literally ruled the skies. The Boeing 747 was a fuel efficient and economically well versed passenger and good carrier aircraft but the major flaw in t he Boeing decision making is that it was not concentrating on the future of the aircraft but it produced a wide variant of Boeing 700 series but the cleverly devised strategic plan of Airbus was a nightmare to the Boeing corporation. The A380 has an excellent performance with regardless of its massive size the jumbo jet can people double the time the Boeing 747 used to carry. Since the aviation industry has only fewer concentrations of rivals the market share is huge compared to other industries. So with the new A380, Airbus has a considerable amount of stake in the airline industry. But Boeings answer to A380 is the new 787 dreamliner. Which is more fuel efficient but in the case of size the A380 outsmarts the Boeing. Importance of Change: The change management in an organisation is the most important factor which influences the future of an organisation. It describes an strategic approach in modifying or altering an organizations internal factors such as teams, individuals etc. there are different ways to achieve the change in an organisation by collaborative which is done by providing workshops and seminars explaining about the change to the people working in the organization. Consultative the people are informed about the change and the feedback of the change is taken into consideration. Directive the members of the staff are informed about the details of the change and the sensitivity of the change. Coercive the members are forced to follow the change. Example of Change: The acquisition of Iberia by British Airways The British Airways acquired the Iberia for $7 billion and it made the third largest airline in the world. The member of the staff was quickly adapted to the change in different management team. The Iberia staff members were given a change management session on order to cope up with the new acquisition. The acquisition made the stock holders value to increase and they were given a 55 percent of the new airlines share. 4. Conclusion: We have so far discussed about some of the Strategic planning tools and the ways in which they can be exploited. And in conclusion we can say that the way in which we approach the organisation with the necessary tools and strategic planning will make a gigantic impact on the organisation in the present and in the future. In this ever changing business environment the challenge for each organisation is to identify the needs of the customers and to create an appropriate strategic plan to approach the problem which will provide the optimum results which can benefit the customers as well as the organisation. . References SWOT Analysis, [online], Available http://www. marketingteacher. com/Lessons/lesson_swot. htm PESTLE Analysis, [online], Available http://rapidbi. com/pestle/Introduction-to-the-PESTLE-analysis-tool. html Coca-Cola Case Study, [Online], Available http://www. interbrand. com/best_global_brands. aspx http://finance. mapsofworld. com/brand/value/coca-cola. html Intel case S tudy, [Online], Available http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/09/intel-case-study. html Read more: http://www. americanessays. com/study-aids/free-essays/management/strategy-and-planning. php#ixzz2OPwRLxoO